Stories/ 夷坚志/ The Earth God Who Bargained for the Children

The Earth God Who Bargained for the Children

孝義坊土地

SourceYijian Zhi (Record of the Listener)
AuthorHong Mai
EraSouthern Song dynasty · 1195, the yimao year of Qingyuan
Writtenc. 1160–1200
Small GodsPlagueOfficialdom
A small neighborhood Earth God shrine at night lit by a single lantern, an old man crouched unseen beneath the god's seat while ghostly officials in court caps stand in assembly before the City God, ink-wash painting
Illustration generated by AI, based on the ancient Chinese text.

In the first month of the first year of Qingyuan, an old man named Zhou in the city of Pingjiang could not shake off his malaria. He had heard it said that the fever is a ghost, and that one can slip away from it by sleeping somewhere else, so at dusk he crept into the City God’s temple and lay hidden beneath the god’s seat. The temple attendants did not know he was there.

Toward midnight he saw lamps and candles set out, and guards in formation attending. The King of the City Gods sat at the head of the hall. A yellow-clad soldier led seven or eight figures in from outside, who stood below the dais in court caps, bowing.

The King said: “I have been commanded by the Supreme Lord to loose a plague in this place. You are each the Earth God of a ward — why this delay?”

They bowed their heads and pledged obedience. But one god alone spoke up: “I govern the ward of Xiaoyi. Truly I see that in my ward the households are all good people, with no faults or evil. I fear it is hard to afflict them with sickness and distress.”

The King was angry: “This is a decree from Heaven. You hold a petty office and should simply carry it out.”

The god said again: “Since it cannot be avoided, might I fill the quota with children instead?”

The King pondered long, then said: “If that is so, it spares the rest.” And so they all assented and withdrew.

The next morning old Zhou went home and told everyone, but they laughed at him as a raving madman, and none believed.

When the second month came, plague broke out across the city — but in the single ward of Xiaoyi, only the children fell ill. Only then was Zhou’s word proved true. When the sick had recovered, the people of the ward pooled money and built a great temple to repay the virtue of their Earth God.

Original classical Chinese text · 原文

慶元元年正月平江市人周翁瘧疾不止嘗聞人說瘧有鬼可以出他處閃避乃以昏時潛入城隍廟中伏卧于神座下祝史皆莫知也夜且半見燈燭陳列兵衛拱侍城隍王臨軒坐黄衣卒從外領七八人至廷下衣冠拱侍王問曰吾被上帝勅令此處行疫爾輩各為一坊土地神那得稽緩皆頓首願聽命其中一神獨白曰某所主孝義坊誠見本坊居民家家良善無過惡恐難用病苦以困之王怒曰此是天旨汝小小職掌只合奉行神復白曰既不可免欲以小兒充數如何王沉思良久曰若此亦免得遂各諾而退周翁明旦還舍具以告人皆哂為狂譫無一信者至二月城中疫癘大作惟孝義一坊但童稚抱疾始驗周語不誣迨病者安痊坊衆相率斂錢建大廟以報土地之德

From 《孝義坊土地》, Yijian Zhi. Translated in full. 慶元元年 is 1195; 平江 is Pingjiang, modern Suzhou; 城隍廟 is the City God temple, the seat of the god who governs a city's fortunes and dead; 坊 is a ward, the smallest unit of urban administration and, here, of divine administration; 土地 is the Earth God, the lowest rank of the divine bureaucracy, one to a ward. The tale is a glimpse of the plague understood not as contagion but as a quota assigned from above.

Source. From Yijian Zhi (Record of the Listener) (夷坚志), by Hong Mai , c. 1160–1200. The original text is in the public domain; this English rendering and the accompanying notes are original work.
Where this fits in the universe: The Small Gods

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