Stories/ 夷坚志/ The Warrant That Sank the Boat

The Warrant That Sank the Boat

三趙失舟

SourceYijian Zhi (Record of the Listener)
AuthorHong Mai
EraSouthern Song dynasty · 12th century
Writtenc. 1160–1200
JusticeSmall GodsOfficialdom
An overturned riverboat in shallow reeds under a darkened sky, three scholars on the bank, and a ghostly line of clerks carrying an official warrant scroll
Illustration generated by AI, based on the ancient Chinese text.

The Commander-in-Chief of Jiangdu, Zhao Shi, tells this.

In the twelfth year of the Chunxi era, three men of the imperial clan — an uncle and his two nephews, all from the same district — were travelling home from Lin’an, where they had been through the selection for office. It was the turn of the fourth or fifth month. They bought a small boat between them and took the road by water through Wuxing; and as they were crossing a shoal in the stream, at midday a great wind got up, the sky went dark, and something seemed to take hold of the tiller. The boat went over then and there. Luckily the water was shallow and they did not drown.

They got to the bank and stood there with no idea what to do next. Then a basket came drifting towards them. They looked, and it was the uncle’s certificate of appointment, his robe and his boots. The things had been soused in the river and were not even damp. The uncle was delighted. His two nephews wept and said, “You have nothing to worry about now, uncle. But what about us?” And then a second basket drifted up, with the nephews’ papers in it.

By now it was evening, and they put up at a village house. At first light they set off on foot, and on the way they saw an old farmer working his ground with a hoe over his shoulder. He saw how wild and wretched they looked and asked them what had happened, and they told him.

“Why not go and ask Master Zhao?” said the farmer. “He would know what is behind it.” And he told them where to find him.

So they went. Zhao was of the imperial clan too and an old acquaintance. He questioned them closely about every particular, and then said: “That place is a small stream. A small stream cannot sink a boat. There is something else at work. I practise the art of constraining gods and spirits. I will hold a summons for you, and we shall see at once.”

The rite was no sooner finished than the house was full of spirits — and the one at their head was the farmer they had met that morning.

Zhao read them the catalogue of their offences and demanded the contents of the boat. Every item was produced; all of it was in use among the spirit’s own household, and the earrings and hair ornaments of the kind they wear in the capital had been quietly appropriated by his women. The inventory complete, Zhao rounded on him.

“You sank a man’s boat,” he said, “and then stole what he was carrying. How do you expect to escape punishment?” And he moved to bind him.

The spirit answered: “I am unworthy, but I am the earth god of this jurisdiction. Some days ago I received a public warrant from the City God’s office, naming this boat for overturning. I took delivery of the goods item by item against that warrant. Only the three men’s certificates of appointment and the imperial rescripts were not entered in the register, so those I sent back at once. The warrant is still in my keeping. You may inspect it.”

Zhao took it and read it. He could find no charge to bring.

And so he let him go.

Original classical Chinese text · 原文

江都總管趙士說:淳熙十二年,宗室中有叔姪三人自臨安調選歸,其所居同邑。當四五月之交,共買小舟,經吳興,過溪中一灘。日午風大作,天色晦暝,若有物執其柁,即時淪覆。幸水淺得不溺死。既達岸,茫不知為計。俄一籠漂至前,視之則叔誥命袍鞾之屬,雖遭渰浸,畧不汙濕。叔甚喜。二姪泣曰:「叔已無所憂,奈我等何?」繼又一籠漂至,二姪文書在焉。 日已暮,投宿村舍。侵晨徒步而出,見田父荷鉏治地,望其倉皇愁窘,問之,告以故。父曰:「何不往問趙法師?可知底藴。」且語其居處。遂行訪之,亦宗室,素相善者。趙歷扣曲折,云:「彼處乃小小川瀆,何能壞舟船?必有異。吾行制鬼神術,當相為考召,立可見矣。」作法才畢,鬼物已盈滿其家。其為首者,盖向所遇田父也。 趙責數之,仍索舟中物,一一皆在,悉為此鬼家屬服用。若都城所謂冠珥首飾,則婦女掩為已有。狀具,趙罵曰:「汝既溺人舟,又竊取所齎,安得逃罪?」欲行繩治。對曰:「某忝為當界土地,前此數日被城隍司公牒,指名覆此舟。諸物皆據牒交領,惟三人誥命及制書非籍中所載,旋送還之矣。牒見存,可以驗視。」趙取而閲之,竟無以罪之。於是釋使去。

From 《三趙失舟》, Yijian Zhi, 丁志卷一. Attributed to Zhao Shi, the Commander-in-Chief of Jiangdu, who is also the tale's second witness — the exorcist Master Zhao is a kinsman of his. Translated in full.

Source. From Yijian Zhi (Record of the Listener) (夷坚志), by Hong Mai , c. 1160–1200. The original text is in the public domain; this English rendering and the accompanying notes are original work.
Where this fits in the universe: The Small Gods · The Ledger: How Cause and Effect Keeps Accounts · Filing With Heaven: How to Send a Document to a God · The Canon of Sacrifices: Which Gods Are Licensed

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